{"id":3594,"date":"2020-01-25T16:53:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-25T16:53:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/firewood-eg.com\/?p=3594"},"modified":"2020-10-22T17:12:38","modified_gmt":"2020-10-22T17:12:38","slug":"figure-7-shows-the-stages-of-facial-reconstruction","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/firewood-eg.com\/?p=3594","title":{"rendered":"Figure 7 shows the stages of facial reconstruction"},"content":{"rendered":"

Figure 7 shows the stages of facial reconstruction<\/h1>\n

It appears teeth 13, 15, 16, 24, 27, 31, 36, 42, and 46 were removed at sometime before death because they have experienced time to heal over. <\/p>\n

These forensic age estimation methods conclude that this individual might be anywhere between 25 and 48.1 years of age. Nonetheless, after combining all results and analysing their accuracy and credibility, it’s likely that this individual is between 32 and 43 years of age. <\/p>\n

Facial reconstruction<\/strong>
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During facial reconstruction, 16 osteometric points were measured and attached to the skull, then, facial muscles, features, fat and skin were made from wax to make a possible antemortem type of this individual- see figure 7. After completion, it had been clear that this individual was a male having a really prominent jaw and forehead which links to previous conclusions. <\/p>\n

C<\/strong> <\/p>\n

B<\/strong> <\/p>\n

A<\/strong> <\/p>\n

Figure 7 shows the stages of facial reconstruction. A) shows the skull with osteometric points in position, B) shows the addition of some facial muscles, eyeball and nose, and C) shows the final, completed facial reconstruction. <\/p>\n

regardless of this, as this is an artistic interpretation completed with a number of untrained individuals with no soft tissue or portrait to get results alongside, this process is extremely subjective and so not so reliable at recreating an individual\u2019s morphological characteristics for identification. Therefore, this may be improved using computerised 3D facial reconstruction. <\/p>\n

DNA profiling<\/strong>
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Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism\u00a0(AFLP), a very reproducible DNA profiling technique, was completed to spot the common D1S80 variable nucleotide tandem repeat in this individual\u2019s DNA sample and in comparison to those of 7 missing people. Nonetheless, absence of any bands in this individual\u2019s DNA sample, shown in figure 10, prevents matching to known genotypes. This may be because of poor primer specificity or synthesis or inadequate, faulty DNA within the sample (McPherson, Quirke & Taylor, 1992). <\/p>\n

Figure 10 shows the outcomes from 2% agarose gel electrophoresis associated with PCR items. Lane 1 and 12 \u2013 100bp ladder; 2- water control; 3- DNA sample A; 4- DNA sample B; 5- DNA sample C; 6- this individuals DNA sample; 7- DNA sample D; 8- DNA sample E; 9- DNA sample F;\u00a0\u00a0 10- DNA sample G; 11- water. <\/p>\n

Therefore, to locate a match, AFLP is repeated ensuring there was adequate, unfragmented DNA along with a suitable, high specificity primer. Primer dimers at the end of lane 9 suggests the primer concentration was excessive, therefore, to prevent allelic dropout which might assume homozygosity, lower concentrations is used when repeating. <\/p>\n

AFLP requires high quality and number of DNA to prevent allelic dropout, nonetheless, it\u2019s likely that this can not be achieved using this DNA sample. Therefore, DNA-17 might provide greater results since it requires less DNA because of improved sensitivity and discrimination between profiles (Crown Prosecution Service, 2019). <\/p>\n

Conclusion <\/strong>
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After analysing all results, it’s possible to estimate it was a European male aged between 32 and 43 who had been 174cm tall, managing acromegaly. The likely reason for death is co-morbidity associated with acromegaly progression. Regrettably, these conclusions can not be confirmed through DNA fingerprinting which reduces validation and reliability, therefore, further analysis to verify this individual\u2019s identity could consist of more reliable methods involving molecular biology and bone chemistry. <\/p>\n

Recommendations<\/strong>
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